Pablo Picasso

https://youtu.be/nzbmAVXs1u8

 

Pablo Picasso:

 Full Name: Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso 

Birth Date: October 25, 1881 

Birthplace: Malaga, Spain

Father’s Name: Don José Ruiz y Blasco 

Mother’s Name: María Picasso y López 

 Wife/Wives: Olga Khokhlova(1918-1955), Jacqueline Roque(1961-1973) 

Famous works: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) Guernica (1937) The Weeping Woman (1937).

......................................................................................................................................................

Early life 

 Picasso’s first words were “piz” , a shortened form of the word lapiz. 

 From the age of seven, he received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. Ruiz was a traditional, academic artist and instructor who believed that proper training required disciplined copying of the masters, and drawing the human body from plaster casts and live models. His son became preoccupied with art to the detriment of his classwork. 

 He painted Le Picador, his first known painting.

  His family moved to La Coruña in 1891 where his father became a professor at the School of Fine Malaga, Spain. Picasso’s birthplace. Arts. They stayed almost four years. 

 In 1895, Conchita died of diphtheria. His family moved to Barcelona after her death. 

 Ruiz persuaded the officials at the academy to allow his son to take an entrance exam for the advanced class. This process often took students a month, but Picasso completed it in a week, and the impressed jury admitted Picasso, who was 13. Le Picador, 1889

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Career beginnings

  After studying art in Madrid, Picasso made his first trip to Paris in 1900, then the art capital of Europe. He met the poet Max Jacob wherein he learned French from him. 

 By 1905 Picasso became a favorite of the American art collectors Leo and Gertrude Stein who also became his patrons. 

 He and his friend Francisco de Asís Soler founded the magazine Arte Joven (Young Art). 

 In 1907 Picasso joined the art gallery that had recently been opened in Paris by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler. who was a German art historian, art collector who became one of the premier French Art dealers of the 20th century. He became prominent in Paris beginning in 1907 for being among the first champions of Pablo Picasso. 

 Guillaume Apollinaire, a friend of Picasso, was accused of stealing the Mona Lisa in 1911. He pointed to Picasso but both were exonerated. Portrait of Gertrude Stein, 1906, Portrait of Daniel-Henry Metropolitan Museum of Art , Kahnweiler, 1910, The Art New York City. Institute of Chicago.

....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

Personal life 

 In the early 20th century, Picasso divided his time between Barcelona and Paris. In 1904, in the middle of a storm, he met Fernande Olivier, a Bohemian artist who became his mistress. 

 Picasso left Olivier for Marcelle Humbert, whom he called Eva Gouel. She unfortunately died of premature illness at the age of 30 in 1915. 

 In the summer of July 12, 1918 in a Russian Orthodox church at the Rue Daru, Picasso married Olga Khokhlova, a ballerina with Sergei Diaghilev’s troupe, for whom Picasso was designing a ballet, Parade, in Rome. Portrait of Mme Olga Madame Olga Picasso. 

 They spent their honeymoon in the villa near Khoklhova. 1922-23. Pastel 1923. Oil on canvas. Biarritz of the glamorous Chilean art patron Eugenia Errázuriz. 

 They had a son named Paulo. 

 In 1927 Picasso met 17-year-old Marie-Thérèse Walter and began a secret affair with her. 

 He never had divorce with Khokhlova since he would have to split his wealth with her under French law. They were legally married until her death 1955. Le Rêve ("The Dream"),

  He had a daughter named Maia with Walter. 1932

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Personal life and the War Years

  The photographer and painter Dora Maar was also a constant companion and lover of Picasso. The two were closest in the late 1930s and early 1940s and it was Maar who documented the painting of Guernica. 

 During World War II, Picasso’s artistic style did not fit the Nazi views of art, so he was not able to show his works during this time. Retreating to his studio, he continued to Dora Maar au Chat, 1941 The Weeping Woman, paint all the while. Although the Germans 1937 outlawed bronze casting in Paris, Picasso continued regardless, using bronze smuggled to him by the French resistance. An example is Tête pour La femme en robe longué. Guernica, 1937 Tête pour La femme en robe longué, 1942

......................................................................................................................................................

Later Life 

 After the liberation of Paris in 1944, Picasso began to keep company with a young art student, Françoise Gilot. The two eventually became lovers, and had two children together, Claude and Paloma. Unique among Picasso’s women, Gilot left Picasso in 1953, allegedly because of abusive treatment and infidelities. This was a severe blow to Picasso.

  He joined the joined the French Communist Party, attended an international peace conference in Poland, and in 1950 received the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet government. He also Françoise, Claude and Paloma. 1954. Oil on received the prize in 1962. canvas.

  He went through a difficult period after Gilot’s departure, coming to terms with his advancing age and his belief that, now in his 70s, he was no longer handsome, but rather the opposite to young women. 

 He met Jacqueline Roque in the Madoura Pottery and married on 2 March 1961 in Vallauris, France. Jacqueline in Studio. 1957. Oil on canvas.

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Death

  Pablo Picasso died on 8 April 1973 in Mougins, France, while he and his wife Jacqueline entertained friends for dinner. His final words were “Drink to me, drink to my health, you know I can’t drink any more.” He was interred at Castle Vauvenargues’ park, in Vauvenargues, Bouches-du-Rhône. Jacqueline Roque prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral. Devastated and lonely after the death of Picasso Jacqueline Roque took her Mousquetaire, Homme Asis, own life by gunshot in 1986 when she was 1973 1973 60 years old. 

 His last known works were Mousquetaire, Homme Asis, and Trefle. Trefle, 1973

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. Picasso’s Blue Period (1901– 1904)
2. 
   
3.  consists of somber paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors.
4. 
   
5.  This period’s starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year. Many paintings of gaunt mothers with children date from this period. In his austere use of color and sometimes doleful subject matter— prostitutes and beggars are frequent subjects. Femme aux Bras Croisés, 1902

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. . The Rose Period (1904– 1906) 
2. 
   
3. is characterized by a more cheery style with orange and pink colors, and featuring many circus people, acrobats and harlequins known in France as saltimbanques. 
4. 
   
5. The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso. Pablo Picasso, Garçon à la pipe, (Boy with a Pipe), 1905

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. 
   
2. 
   
3.  Picasso’s African- influenced Period (1907– 1909)
4. 
   
5.  begins with the two figures on the right in his painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which were inspired by African artifacts. 
6. 
   
7. Formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Museum of Modern Art, New York
8. 
   
9. 
   

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. 
   
2. . Analytic cubism (1909– 1912)
3. 
   
4.  is a style of painting Picasso developed along with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colors. Both artists took apart objects and “analyzed” them in terms of their shapes.
5. 
   
6.  Picasso and Braque’s paintings at this time Three Musicians (1921), have many similarities. Museum of Modern Art

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. 13. In the period following the upheaval of World War I, Picasso produced work in a neoclassical style. Arguably Picasso’s most famous work is his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War—Guernica. 
2. 
   
3. This large canvas embodies for many the Guernica, 1937, Museo Reina Sofia inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war.

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. 14. The total number of artworks he produced has been estimated at 50,000, comprising 1,885 paintings; 1,228 sculptures; 2,880 ceramics, roughly 12,000 drawings, many thousands of prints, and numerous tapestries and rugs. 
2. 
   
3. At the time of his death many of his paintings were in his possession, as he had kept off the art market what he didn’t need to sell. Picasso sculpture in Chicago Nude Woman with a Necklace (1968), Tate

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. 15. Trivia • Since he left no will, his death duties (estate tax) to the French state were paid in the form of his works and others from his collection. These works form the core of the immense and representative collection of the Musée Picasso in Paris. 
2. 
   
3. • He is currently ranked as Top 2 of the Top 100 artists in the world in terms of sales of his works at auctions. 
4. 
   
5. • Most of his paintings have been stolen than those by any other artist. 
6. 
   
7. • He had numerous lovers but he only had two wives. 
8. 
   
9. • • Upon Picasso's death in 1973, actor Dustin Hoffman was having dinner with former Beatle Paul McCartney and told him about Picasso's last words. McCartney started creating and singing a song around those words and included the song on his 1973 album, Band on the Run. 
10. 
    
11. • He had a film career as well. He always played himself in every role.

........................................................................................................................................................................................................

 painting by 

Pablo Picasso:

1 Guernica.

1. 

This large canvas embodies for many the Guernica, 1937, 

...........................................................................

2. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907)

Guernica may be Picasso’s best-known painting, but this one is art history’s greatest rule-breaker. For a half a century before Picasso, vanguard artists had been deconstructing the representational tradition of Western art, but Picasso’s interior scene of a Barcelona brothel delivered the final blow, pointing the way toward the abstract art to come. Raw and primitive, the painting’s style is derived is derived from the African and Oceanic art he saw in Paris’s Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro.

Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881–1973). Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. 1907. Oil on canvas, 8′ x 7′ 8″ (243.9 x 233.7 cm). The Museum of Modern Art, NY. Acquired through the Lillie P. Bliss Bequest. © 2015 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
Photograph: Estate of Pablo Picasso/ARS

....................................................................................................

3. La Vie (1903)

Astonishingly this painting, Picasso’s first masterpiece, was painted early in the artist’s career when he was only 20. The painting is also the greatest of Picasso’s Blue Period compositions, so called because they were limited to a palette of blues and grays and portrayed melancholic subjects. These included the poor, downtrodden and marginal, with whom Picasso strongly identified owing to his own impecunious circumstance at the time. Blue Period paintings were heavily influenced by late-19th century Expressionism, a movement encompassing artists from Edvard Munch to Gustav Klimt. But the influence of El Greco is also immediately noticeable, not only in the color scheme, which often featured into the 17th-century master’s work, but also in the attenuated proportions of the figures, another El Greco trademark. La Vie takes the form of an allegory, but of what, exactly, has been a question that has stumped art historians. It’s believe to have been a response to the death of Picasso compatriot and comrade-in-arms, Carles Casagemas, an impotent depressive who’d committed suicide over his unrequited love for an artist model, Germaine Gargallo, who later became Picasso’s mistress.

.............................................................................................

4. Maquette for Guitar (1912)

Guitar did for sculpture what Les Demoiselles did for painting: It exploded the medium. Before Guitar, sculpture was a process of creating a form out of a particular material—clay, wax, wood, stone—either by modeling, carving or both. Even casting depended on this first step. But Picasso redefined sculpture as something closer to architecture—an assembly of open, planar components. This idea would continue to reverberate throughout the art of the 20th century and beyond.

Pablo Picasso. Guitar. Paris, October-December 1912. Paperboard, paper, thread, string, twine, and coated wire, 25 3/4 x 13 x 7 1/2" (65.4 x 33 x 19 cm). The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Gift of the artist.

....................................................................................................

5. Glass of Absinthe (1914)

Glass of Absinthe is notable for its use of an actual spoon, taken straight from everyday life without any alteration whatsoever. It’s inclusion was a natural outgrowth of Picasso’s work with collage, but like Duchamp’s Bicycle Wheel of the previous year, it opened up whole new category of found-object assemblage. Duchamp’s ironic intention in bolting a bicycle wheel to a stool—to render functional items useless—was admittedly a universe away from the representational role Picasso assigned his spoon. Still, the latter was just as crucial to narrowing the gap between art and life as Duchamp’s insouciant gesture.

....................................................................................................

6. Girl Before a Mirror (1932)

The subject of this painting, a meditation on female vanity and fear of aging, is Marie-Thérèse Walter (1909–1997). who first met Picasso in 1927 when she was 17 and he was a married man of 45. She soon became his mistress and muse, appearing frequently in his works during the following decade. Girl Before a Mirror, however, is the undeniable masterpiece of the lot, depicting the honey-blond, pink-cheeked ingénue as she stares into the dark and distorted abyss of her future self. She’s surrounded by wallpaper in a harlequin pattern that’s meant to evoke one of Picasso’s favorite themes—a metaphor, perhaps, for the artist himself as a ubiquitous presence in Walter’s life.

....................................................................................................

7. Three Musicians (1921)

By the early 1920s, Picasso’s years of revolutionary experimentation were behind him, and Cubism had been supplanted as an avant-garde fashion by Surrealism, whose adherents declared Picasso dead. Europe was still reeling from the devastation of World War I, and in France, culture turned to the past in a search for order. Picasso did likewise with this nostalgic look back at the bohemian life of Picasso’s youth in a gentler style of Cubism that pulled away from the more radical approach that preceded it.

....................................................................................................

8. Gertrude Stein (1905-1906)

This image of the legendary American expat writer represents the young Picasso’s great turn of fortune. From her very first meeting with Picasso, Stein, who came from a wealthy Pennsylvania family of German Jews, was absolutely certain that he was the greatest artist of his age. She saw in him a kindred spirit—a revolutionary figure bound to alter art forever. She was a crucial benefactor, buying Picasso’s work and convincing her brother to do likewise. She also persuaded key figures such as American artist-gallerist Alfred Stieglitz and French dealer Ambroise Vollard to purchase the artist’s work. More importantly, the painting contains hints of Picasso’s breakthrough into Cubism.

....................................................................................................

9. Dora Maar in an Armchair (1939)

Marie-Thérèse Walter became pregnant with Picasso’s child in 1935, even though he hadn’t divorced his wife, Russian ballerina, Olga Khokhlova and never would. (Khokhlova died in 1955, still married to Picasso.) That same year, Picasso began an affair with Dora Maar, a Surrealist photographer who sometimes modeled for him. Picasso was perfectly happy to juggle Walter and Maar, and one day when they ran into each other in Picasso’s studio while he was working on Guernica, they demanded that he choose between them. He demurred, saying they should work it out themselves. They started to wrestle, a moment Picasso would later describe as one of his choicest memories. Ultimately, Maar reigned as Picasso’s lover, though she was something of a neurotic. Picasso called her “the weeping woman” because of her frequent crying jags. In contrast to the way Picasso painted Walter as a bright, glowing angel, Maar was frequently pictured in darker terms, as in this grimacing portrait that makes her seem slightly unhinged.

....................................................................................................

10. Untitled (1967)

Also known as the Chicago Picasso, this outdoor sculpture standing at Daley Plaza in the heart of the Windy City’s loop is the artist’s best-known public art project. Standing 50 feet high, and weighing 147 tons, this landmark was commissioned in 1963 at a cost of $351,959. Picasso did it for nothing, since he declined the city’s offer of a $100,000 honorarium. Although the figure looks birdlike, it’s actually the bust of a woman, inspired, it is believed, by one Sylvette David, who lived in Vallauris, France, where Picasso kept one of his homes. They met in 1954 when she was 19, and over the years, he drew numerous portraits of her. Unlike most of the women in Picasso life, his relationship with David was platonic—more her idea than his, probably, judging from the title of one work he made of her, The Girl Who Said No. Whatever its origins, the sculpture has become as identified with Chicago as Lake Michigan.

....................................................................................................

thank you for reading.